Use of Chicken Models for the Analysis of Human Disease

Jerry B. Dodgson1, Michael N. Romanov1

1 Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
Publication Name:  Current Protocols in Human Genetics
Unit Number:  Unit 15.5
DOI:  10.1002/0471142905.hg1505s40
Online Posting Date:  May, 2004
GO TO THE FULL TEXT: PDF or HTML at Wiley Online Library

Abstract

The chicken has been a valuable model organism for genetic analysis since early in the last century. This unit provides an overview of the primary strategic approaches through which the chicken is used as a model for human genetics and disease. These approaches are reviewed with key advantages and disadvantages noted for each. In addition, the chicken offers a model system for several human inherited diseases, both single gene-based and complex traits. This unit briefly describes two such models as examples: autoimmune pathology causing Hashimoto's thyroiditis and sex-linked dwarfism.

     
 
GO TO THE FULL PROTOCOL:
PDF or HTML at Wiley Online Library

Table of Contents

  • Unit Introduction
  • Strategic Approaches
  • Examples of Chicken Models of Human Disease
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Literature Cited
  • Tables
     
 
GO TO THE FULL PROTOCOL:
PDF or HTML at Wiley Online Library

Materials

GO TO THE FULL PROTOCOL:
PDF or HTML at Wiley Online Library

Figures

Videos

Literature Cited

Literature Cited
    Alper, J. 2003. Hatching the golden egg: A new way to make drugs. Science 300:729–730.
    Andersson, L. 1997. The use of a wild pig x domestic pig intercross to map phenotypic trait loci. J. Hered. 88:380–383.
    Arakawa, H., Lodygin, D., and Buerstedde, J.M. 2001. Mutant loxP vectors for selectable marker recycle and conditional knock-outs. BMC Biotechnol. 1:7.
    Bakst, M.R. and Wishart, G.J. (eds.) 1995. Proceedings: First International Symposium on the Artificial Insemination of Poultry. Poultry Science Association, Savoy, Ill.
    Bateson, W. and Saunders, E.R. 1902. Experimental studies in the physiology of heredity. Repts. Evol. Comm. Roy. Soc. I:1–160.
    Boardman, P.E., Sanz-Ezquerro, J., Overton, I.M., Burt, D.W., Bosch, E., Fong, W.T., Tickle, C., Brown, W.R.A., Wilson, S.A., and Hubbard, S.J. 2002. A comprehensive collection of chicken cDNAs. Curr. Biol. 12:1965–1969.
    Brown, W.R.A., Hubbard, S.J., Tickle, C., and Wilson, S.A. 2003. The chicken as a model for large-scale analysis of vertebrate gene function. Nat. Rev. Genet. 4:87–98.
    Buerstedde, J.M. and Takeda, S. 1991. Increased ratio of targeted to random integration after transfection of chicken B cell lines. Cell 67:179–188.
    Buitenhuis, A.J., Crooijmans, R.P.M.A., Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet, E.S., Veenendaal, A., Groenen, M.A.M., and van der Poel, J.J. 2002. Improvement of the comparative map of chicken chromosome 13. Anim. Genet. 33:249–254.
    Burnside, J., Liou, S.S., and Cogburn, L.A. 1991. Molecular cloning of the chicken growth hormone receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid: Mutation of the gene in sex-linked dwarf chickens. Endocrinology 128:3183–3192.
    Burt, D.W. 2002. Origin and evolution of avian microchromosomes. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 96:97–112.
    Burt, D.W. and Pourquié, O. 2003. Chicken genome—science nuggets to come soon. Science 300:1669.
    Chang, K., Qian, J., Jiang, M., Liu, Y.H., Wu, M.C., Chen, C.D., Lai, C.K., Lo, H.L., Hsiao, C.T., Brown, L., Bolen, J. Jr., Huang, H.I., Ho, P.Y., Shih, P.Y., Yao, C.W., Lin, W.J., Chen, C.H., Wu, F.Y., Lin, Y.J., Xu, J., and Wang, K. 2002. Effective generation of transgenic pigs and mice by linker based sperm-mediated gene transfer. BMC Biotechnol. 2:5.
    Clarke, J.D.W. and Tickle, C. 1999. Fate maps old and new. Nat. Cell Biol. 1:E103–E109.
    Cole, R.K. 1966. Hereditary hypothyroidism in the domestic fowl. Genetics 53:1021–1033.
    Cole, R.K. 2000. An autosomal dwarfism in the domestic fowl. Poult. Sci. 79:1507–1516.
    Copeland, N.G. and Jenkins, N.A. 1991. Development and applications of a molecular genetic linkage map of the mouse genome. Trends Genet. 7:113–118.
    Cooper, M.D., Raymond, D.A., Peterson, R.D., South, M.A., and Good, R.A. 1966. The functions of the thymus system and the bursa system in the chicken. J. Exp. Med. 123:75–102.
    Crittenden, L.B., Provencher, L., Santangelo, L., Levin, I., Abplanalp, H., Briles, R.W., Briles, W.E., and Dodgson, J.B. 1993. Characterization of a red jungle fowl by white leghorn backcross reference population for molecular mapping of the chicken genome. Poult. Sci. 72:334–348.
    Dieken, E.S., Epner, E.M., Fiering, S., Fournier, R.E., and Groudine, M. 1996. Efficient modification of human chromosomal alleles using recombination-proficient chicken/human microcell hybrids. Nat. Genet. 12:174–182.
    Dietrich, H.M., Cole, R.K., and Wick, G. 1999. The natural history of the obese strain of chickens—an animal model for spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. Poult. Sci. 78:1359–1371.
    Fukagawa, T., Regnier, V., and Ikemura, T. 2001. Creation and characterization of temperature-sensitive CENP-C mutants in vertebrate cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 29:3796–3803.
    Fulton, J.E. and Delany, M.E. 2003. Poultry genetic resources—operation rescue needed. Science 300:1667–1668.
    Hu, W.Y., Myers, C.P., Kilzer, J.M., Pfaff, S.L., and Bushman, F.D. 2002. Inhibition of retroviral pathogenesis by RNA interference. Curr. Biol. 12:1301–1311.
    Hull, K.L. and Harvey, S. 1999. Growth hormone resistance: Clinical states and animal models. J. Endocrinol. 163:165–172.
    Hutt, F.B. 1959. Sex-linked dwarfism in the fowl. J. Hered. 50:209–221.
    Itasaki, N., Bel-Vialar, S., and Krumlauf, R. 1999. “Shocking” developments in chick embryology: Electroporation and in ovo gene expression. Nat. Cell Biol. 1:E203–E207.
    Jennen, D.G.J., Crooijmans, R.P.M.A., Kamps, B., Açar, R., Veenendaal, A., van der Poel, J.J., and Groenen, M.A.M. 2002. A comparative map of chicken chromosome 24 and human chromosome 11. Anim. Genet. 33:205–210.
    Kanegae, Y., Tavares, A.T., Izpisua, Belmonte J.C., and Verma, I.M. 1998. Role of Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factors during the outgrowth of the vertebrate limb. Nature 392:611–614.
    Kerje, S., Carlborg, Ö., Jacobbson, L., Schütz, K., Hartmann, C., Jensen, P., and Andersson, L. 2003. The twofold difference in adult size between the red junglefowl and White Leghorn chickens is largely explained by a limited number of QTLs. Anim. Genet. 34:264–274.
    Kino, K., Pain, B., Leibo, S.P., Cochran, M., Clark, M.E., and Etches, R.J. 1997. Production of chicken chimeras from injection of frozen-thawed blastodermal cells. Poult. Sci. 76:753–760.
    Le Douarin, N. 1982. The Neural Crest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
    Leung, F.C., Styles, W.J., Rosenblum, C.I., Lilburn, M.S., and Marsh, J.A. 1987. Diminished hepatic growth hormone receptor binding in sex-linked dwarf broiler and leghorn chickens. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 184:234–238.
    Li, Y., Strahler, J.R., and Dodgson, J.B. 1997. Neither HMG-14a nor HMG-17 gene function is required for growth of chicken DT40 cells or maintenance of DNaseI-hypersensitive sites. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:283–288.
    Liu, H.C., Cheng, H.H., Tirunagaru, V., Sofer, L., and Burnside, J. 2001. A strategy to identify positional candidate genes conferring Marek's disease resistance by integrating DNA microarrays and genetic mapping. Anim. Genet. 32:351–359.
    Love, J., Gribbin, C., Mather, C., and Sang, H. 1994. Transgenic birds by DNA microinjection. Biotechnology 12:60–63.
    Marzullo, G. 1970. Production of chick chimaeras. Nature 225:72–73.
    Michou, A.I., Lehrmann, H., Saltik, M., and Cotton, M. 1999. Mutational analysis of the avian adenovirus CELO, which provides a basis for gene delivery vectors. J. Virol. 73:1399–1410.
    Min, W., Lillehoj, H.S., Kim, S., Zhu, J.J., Beard, H., Alkharouf, N., and Matthews, B.F. 2003. Profiling local gene expression changes associated with Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina using cDNA microarray. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 62:392–399.
    Mizuarai, S., Ono, K., Yamaguchi, K., Nishijima, K., Kamihira, M., and Iijima, S. 2001. Production of transgenic quails with high frequency of germ-line transmission using VSV-G pseudotyped retroviral vector. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 286:456–463.
    Morisson, M., Lemière, A., Bosc, S., Galan, M., Plisson-Petit, F., Pinton, P., Delcros, C., Fève, K., Pitel, F., Fillon, V., Yerle, M., and Vignal, A. 2002. ChickRH6: A chicken whole-genome radiation hybrid panel. Genet. Sel. Evol. 34:521–533.
    Muir, W.M. and Aggrey, S.E. (eds.) 2003. Poultry Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology. CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.
    Naito, M., Tajima, A., Tagami, T., Yasuda, Y., and Kuwana, T. 1994. Preservation of chick primordial germ cells in liquid nitrogen and subsequent production of viable offspring. J. Reprod. Fertil. 102:321–325.
    Neiman, P.E., Ruddell, A., Jasoni, C., Loring, G., Thomas, S.J., Brandvold, K.A., Lee, R.M., Burnside, J., and Delrow, J. 2001. Analysis of gene expression during myc oncogene-induced lymphomagenesis in the bursa of Fabricius. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:6378–6383.
    Neiman, P.E., Grbiç, J.J., Polony, T.S., Kimmel, R., Bowers, S.J., Delrow, J., and Beemon, K.L. 2003. Functional genomic analysis reveals distinct neoplastic phenotypes associated with c-myb mutation in the bursa of Fabricius. Oncogene 22:1073–1086.
    Perler, F., Efstratiadis, A., Lomedico, P., Gilbert, W., Kolodner, R., and Dodgson, J.B. 1980. The evolution of genes: The chicken preproinsulin gene. Cell 20:555–566.
    Petitte, J.N. 2003. Strategies for the production of transgenic chickens. In Poultry Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology (W.M. Muir and S.E. Aggrey, eds.) pp. 665–684. CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.
    Pisenti, J.M., Delany, M.E., Taylor, R.L. Jr., Abbott, U.K., Abplanalp, H., Arthur, J.A., Bakst, M.R., Baxter-Jones, C., Bitgood, J.J., Bradley, F.A., Cheng, K.M., Dietert, R.R., Dodgson, J.B., Donoghue, A.M., Emsley, A.B., Etches, R.J., Frahm, R.R., Gerrits, R.J., Goetinck, P.F., Grunder, A.A., Harry, D.E., Lamont, S.J., Martin, G.R., McGuire, P.E., Moberg, G.P., Pierro, L.J., Qualset, C.O., Qureshi, M.A., Shultz, F.T., and Wilson, B.W. 2001. Avian genetic resources at risk: An assessment and proposal for conservation of genetic stocks in the USA and Canada. Avian and Poultry Biol. Rev. 12:1–102.
    Ren, C., Lee, M.K., Yan, B., Ding, K., Cox, B., Romanov, M.N., Price, J.A., Dodgson, J.B., and Zhang, H.B. 2003. A BAC-based physical map of the chicken genome. Genome Res. In Press.
    Ruyter-Spira, C.P., de Groof, A.J.C., van der Poel, J.J., Herbergs, J., Masabanda, J., Fries, R., and Groenen, M.A.M. 1998a. The HMGI-C gene is a likely candidate for the autosomal dwarf locus in the chicken. J. Hered. 89:295–300.
    Ruyter-Spira, C.P., Herbergs, J., Limpens, E., Marsh, J.A., van der Poel, J.J., Ayoubi, T.A., and Groenen, M.A.M. 1998b. Nucleotide sequence of the chicken HMGI-C cDNA and expression of the HMGI-C and IGF1 genes in autosomal dwarf chicken embryos. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1399:83–87.
    Salter, D.W., Smith, E.J., Hughes, S.H., Wright, S.E., Fadly, A.M., Witter, R.L., and Crittenden, L.B. 1986. Gene insertion into the chicken germ line by retroviruses. Poult. Sci. 65:1445–1458.
    Schaefer-Klein, J., Givol, I., Barsov, E.V., Whitcomb, J.M., VanBrocklin, M., Foster, D.N., Federspiel, M.J., and Hughes, S.H. 1998. The EV-O-derived cell line DF-1 supports the efficient replication of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses and vectors. Virology 248:305–311.
    Schmid, M., Nanda, I., Guttenbach, M., Steinlein, C., Hoehn, M., Schartl, M., Haaf, T., Weigend, S., Fries, R., Buerstedde, J.M., Wimmers, K., Burt, D.W., Smith, J., A'Hara, S., Law, A., Griffin, D.K., Bumstead, N., Kaufman, J., Thomson, P.A., Burke, T., Groenen, M.A., Crooijmans, R.P., Vignal, A., Fillon, V., Morisson, M., Pitel, F., Tixier-Boichard, M., Ladjali-Mohammedi, K., Hillel, J., Mäki-Tanila, A., Cheng, H.H., Delany, M.E., Burnside, J., and Mizuno, S. 2000. First report on chicken genes and chromosomes 2000. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 90:169–218.
    Thomas, J.W., Touchman, J.W., Blakesley, R.W., Bouffard, G.G., Beckstrom-Sternberg, S.M., Margulies, E.H., Blanchette, M., Siepel, A.C., Thomas, P.J., McDowell, J.C., Maskeri, B., Hansen, N.F., Schwartz, M.S., Weber, R.J., Kent, W.J., Karolchik, D., Bruen, T.C., Bevan, R., Cutler, D.J., Schwartz, S., Elnitski, L., Idol, J.R., Prasad, A.B., Lee-Lin, S.Q., Maduro, V.V., Summers, T.J., Portnoy, M.E., Dietrich, N.L., Akhter, N., Ayele, K., Benjamin, B., Cariaga, K., Brinkley, C.P., Brooks, S.Y., Granite, S., Guan, X., Gupta, J., Haghighi, P., Ho, S.L., Huang, M.C., Karlins, E., Laric, P.L., Legaspi, R., Lim, M.J., Maduro, Q.L., Masiello, C.A., Mastrian, S.D., McCloskey, J.C., Pearson, R., Stantripop, S., Tiongson, E.E., Tran, J.T., Tsurgeon, C., Vogt, J.L., Walker, M.A., Wetherby, K.D., Wiggins, L.S., Young, A.C., Zhang, L.H., Osoegawa, K., Zhu, B., Zhao, B., Shu, C.L., De Jong, P.J., Lawrence, C.E., Smit, A.F., Chakravarti, A., Haussler, D., Green, P., Miller, W., and Green, E.D. 2003. Comparative analyses of multi-species sequences from targeted genomic regions. Nature 424:788–793.
    Vasicek, D., Vasickova, K., Kaiser, P., Drozenova, R., Citek, J., and Hala, K. 2001. Analysis of genetic regulation of chicken spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis, an animal model of human Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Immunogenetics 53:776–785.
    Vogt, P.K. 1997. Historical introduction to the general properties of retroviruses. In Retroviruses (J.M. Coffin, S.H. Hughes, and H.E. Varmus, eds.) pp. 1–25. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
    Wang, J., Takagaki, Y., and Manley, J.L. 1996. Targeted disruption of an essential vertebrate gene: ASF/SF2 is required for cell viability. Genes Dev. 10:2588–2599.
 Key References
    Brown, et al., 2003. See above.

Reviews the value of the chicken as a model organism, especially in developmental biology.

    Burt, 2002. See above.

A compilation of the mammalian-chicken comparative map and a discussion of chromosomal evolution.

    Muir and Aggrey, 2003. See above.

Overview of poultry genetics with an emphasis on applications to agriculture and industry.

    Schmid et al., 2000. See above.

Reviews the status of the linkage map and related chicken genomics research.

    Thomas et al., 2003. See above.

Describes the use of chicken DNA sequence information and that of other species for the identification of exons and regulatory regions in sequenced vertebrate genomes.

 Internet Resources
 Genome maps and general chicken genomics resources
    http://www.thearkdb.org/browser?species=chicken

ARKdb-chicken Public Database, Roslin Institute, U.K.

    http://www.grcp.ucdavis.edu/publications/indexa.htm

Avian Genetic Resources at Risk (Pisenti et al., 2001), Genetic Resources Conservation Program, University of California, Davis, U.S.A.

    http://www.chicken-genome.org/index.html

ChickNET (The Chicken Information Network), Roslin Institute, U.K.

    http://bacpac.chori.org/chicken261.htm

CHORI-261 Chicken BAC Library, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, U.S.A.

    http://hbz.tamu.edu/bacindex.html

GENEfinder Genomic Resources (red junglefowl and chicken BAC libraries), Texas A&M University, U.S.A.

    http://hbz7.tamu.edu/homelinks/phymap/chicken/chick_home.htm

Integrated Physical and Genetic Map of the Chicken, Texas A&M University, U.S.A.

    http://poultry.mph.msu.edu

USDA-NAGRP Poultry Genome Mapping Project, Michigan State University, U.S.A.

    http://www.zod.wau.nl/abg/hs/research/molecular/intro.html

Wageningen University Chicken Genome Mapping Site, The Netherlands

 Chicken gene expression databases (EST, array data)
    http://chick.umist.ac.uk

BBSRC Chicken EST Database, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, U.K.

    http://udgenome.ags.udel.edu/~cogburn

Consortium for Functional Genomics in Broiler Chickens University of Delaware, USA

    http://swallow.gsf.de/dt40.html

DT40 and Bursal EST Database, Institute for Molecular Radiobiology, Neuherberg, Germany.

    http://www.fhcrc.org/shared_resources/genomics

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Genomics Resource Facility, Seattle, Wa.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbEST

NCBI dbEST, National Institutes of Health, U.S.A.

    http://www.chickest.udel.edu

University of Delaware Chick EST Database, U.S.A.

 Chicken genome sequence data
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/trace.cgi

NCBI Trace Archive, National Institutes of Health, U.S.A.

    http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/Sequencing/SeqProposals/Chicken_Genome.pdf

Proposal to Sequence the Genome of the Chicken, National Human Genome Research Institute, U.S.A.

    http://genome.wustl.edu/projects/chicken/index.php

Washington University Genome Sequencing Center: Chicken Genome Sequencing Project, U.S.A.

    http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/G_gallus

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute: Chicken Genomic Sequence Home Page, U.K.

GO TO THE FULL PROTOCOL:
PDF or HTML at Wiley Online Library