Current Protocols in Pharmacology
Last Update: March 04, 2013
Print ISSN: 1934-8282
Online ISSN: 1934-8290
- Overview
- Table of Contents
- New Protocols
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- Editors & Contributors
Table of Contents
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Chapter 1 Receptor Binding
- Introduction
- Unit 1.1 Receptors as Drug Targets
- Unit 1.2 Receptor Theory
- Unit 1.3 Practical Aspects of Radioligand Binding
- Unit 1.4 Characterization of Opioid and ORL1 Receptors
- Unit 1.5 Characterization of Adrenoceptors
- Unit 1.6 Characterization of Dopamine Receptors
- Unit 1.7 Characterization of GABA Receptors
- Unit 1.8 Radioligand Binding Characterization of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
- Unit 1.9 Characterization of P1 (Adenosine) Purinoceptors
- Unit 1.10 Characterization of Angiotensin II Receptors
- Unit 1.11 Characterization of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Receptors
- Unit 1.12 Characterization of Cholecystokinin (CCK) Receptors
- Unit 1.13 Characterization of Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor (CRF) Receptors
- Unit 1.14 Characterization of Wild‐Type Excitatory Amino Acid Ion Channel Receptors
- Unit 1.15 Characterization of Tachykinin Receptors
- Unit 1.16 Benzodiazepine Binding to GABAA Receptors
- Unit 1.17 Characterization of Potassium Channel Binding
- Unit 1.18 Characterization of the Picrotoxin Site of GABAA Receptors
- Unit 1.19 Characterization of Histaminergic Receptors
- Unit 1.20 [3H](+)MK801 Radioligand Binding Assay at the N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate Receptor
- Unit 1.21 Overview of Receptor Allosterism
- Unit 1.22 Quantification of Allosteric Interactions at G Protein–Coupled Receptors Using Radioligand Binding Assays
- Unit 1.23 Characterization of 5‐HT1A,B and 5‐HT2A,C Serotonin Receptor Binding
- Unit 1.24 Characterization of Chemokine Receptors
- Unit 1.25 Characterization of Calcium Channel Binding
- Unit 1.26 Characterization of Cannabinoid Receptors
- Unit 1.27 Radioligand Binding Assays for the Glycine Site on N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate Receptors
- Unit 1.28 Characterization of Melanocortin Receptors
- Unit 1.29 Characterization of Neurotensin Receptors
- Unit 1.30 Characterization of CGRP Receptor Binding
- Unit 1.31 Overview of Approaches to the Identification of Inhibitors of Cytokine Action
- Unit 1.32 A Homogeneous Assay to Assess GABA Transporter Activity
- Unit 1.33 In Vitro Muscarinic Receptor Radioligand‐Binding Assays
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Chapter 2 Signal Transduction
- Introduction
- Unit 2.1 Overview of Signal Transduction
- Unit 2.2 Adenylyl and Guanylyl Cyclase Assays
- Unit 2.3 Overview of Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis
- Unit 2.4 Nitric Oxide Synthase Assays
- Unit 2.5 Analysis of Early Gene Responses
- Unit 2.6 Agonist‐Stimulated [35S]GTPγS Binding
- Unit 2.7 Assay of Receptor‐Stimulated Phosphoinositide Turnover
- Unit 2.8 Evaluating Modulators of “Regulator of G‐protein Signaling” (RGS) Proteins
- Unit 2.9 The Human Kinome and Kinase Inhibition
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Chapter 3 Enzyme Assays
- Introduction
- Unit 3.1 Cyclooxygenase Assays
- Unit 3.2 HIV Protease Assays
- Unit 3.3 Topoisomerase Assays
- Unit 3.4 Protein Farnesyltransferase Assays
- Unit 3.5 Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity Assays
- Unit 3.6 Monoamine Oxidase Assays
- Unit 3.7 Characterization of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Enzymatic Assays
- Unit 3.8 In Vitro Enzymatic Assays of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B
- Unit 3.9 Cytochrome P450 Assays
- Unit 3.10 Measurement of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (NAALADase) Enzyme Activity by the Hydrolysis of [3H]‐N‐Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG)
- Unit 3.11 In Vitro Enzymatic Assays for Ser/Thr‐Selective Protein Kinases
- Unit 3.12 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Assay Technology
- Unit 3.13 Assessing Sensitivity to Antibacterial Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
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Chapter 4 Isolated Tissues
- Introduction
- Unit 4.1 Overview of Receptor Interactions of Agonists and Antagonists
- Unit 4.2 Overview of Length‐Tension Relationships in Isolated Tissue
- Unit 4.3 Isolated Cardiac Muscle Assays
- Unit 4.4 Isolated Blood Vessel Assays
- Unit 4.5 α‐Adrenoceptor Assays
- Unit 4.6 β‐Adrenoceptor Assays
- Unit 4.7 P1 (Adenosine) Purinoceptor Assays
- Unit 4.8 In Vitro Opioid Receptor Assays
- Unit 4.9 Angiotensin II Receptor Assays
- Unit 4.10 Tachykinin Receptor Assays
- Unit 4.11 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Receptor Assays
- Unit 4.12 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Assays
- Unit 4.13 Cholecystokinin (CCK) Assays
- Unit 4.14 Dopamine 2 (DA‐2) Receptor Assays Using Sympathetic Nerve Terminals
- Unit 4.15 In Vitro Isolated Tissue Functional Muscarinic Receptor Assays
- Unit 4.16 Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Assays
- Unit 4.17 Histamine Receptor Assays
- Unit 4.18 Prostanoid Receptor Assays
- Unit 4.19 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Receptor Assays
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Chapter 5 Animal Models of Disease
- Introduction
- Unit 5.1 Models of Cardiovascular Disease: Measurement of Arrhythmogenic/Antiarrhythmic Activity in the Guinea Pig
- Unit 5.2 Models of Pulmonary Disease: Acute and Chronic Allergic Asthma in the Monkey and Acute and Chronic Viral Pulmonitis in the Mouse
- Unit 5.3 Gastrointestinal Models: Intestinal Transit, Gastric Emptying, and Ulcerogenic Activity in the Rat
- Unit 5.4 Models of Inflammation: Carrageenan‐ or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)–Induced Edema and Hypersensitivity in the Rat
- Unit 5.5 Models of Inflammation: Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis in the Rat
- Unit 5.6 Models of Inflammation: Carrageenan Air Pouch
- Unit 5.7 Models of Pain: Hot‐Plate and Formalin Test in Rodents
- Unit 5.8 Rodent Models of Depression: Forced Swim and Tail Suspension Behavioral Despair Tests in Rats and Mice
- Unit 5.9 Models of Affective Illness: Chronic Mild Stress in the Rat
- Unit 5.10 Models of Urogenital Dysfunction: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Unit 5.11 Models of Urogenital Dysfunction: Urinary Urge Incontinence (UUI) in Anesthetized Dog and Rat Models
- Unit 5.12 Models of Urogenital Dysfunction: Assessment of Volume‐Evoked Micturition Reflex (VEMR) in the Conscious Rat by Cystometry
- Unit 5.13 Models of Dementia: Delayed Alternation in Aged Rats
- Unit 5.14 Models of Neurological Disease (Alzheimer's Disease): Spatial Discrimination Water Maze Test in Septal‐Lesioned Rats
- Unit 5.15 Models of Schizophrenia: Phencyclidine Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) of Startle in Rats
- Unit 5.16 Models of Anxiety: Stress‐Induced Hyperthermia (SIH) in Singly Housed Mice
- Unit 5.17 Models for Assessing Antipsychotics: Antagonism of Amphetamine‐Induced Hyperactivity and Stereotypies in Mice
- Unit 5.18 Models of Anxiety: Ultrasonic Vocalizations of Isolated Rat Pups
- Unit 5.19 Models for Environmentally Induced Eating Disorders: Dietary Hyperphagia and Anorexia Nervosa
- Unit 5.20 Overview of the Use of Transgenic Animals in CNS Drug Discovery
- Unit 5.21 Models of Renal Insufficiency: The Anti‐Thy‐1.1 Model of Acute Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
- Unit 5.22 Acute Seizure Tests in Epilepsy Research: Electroshock‐ and Chemical‐Induced Convulsions in the Mouse
- Unit 5.23 Characterization of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Angiogenesis and Tumor Models
- Unit 5.24 Classic In Vivo Cancer Models: Three Examples of Mouse Models Used in Experimental Therapeutics
- Unit 5.25 Overview of Animal Models of Asthma
- Unit 5.26 Guinea Pig Models of Asthma
- Unit 5.27 Models of Cardiac Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Dogs and Rats
- Unit 5.28 Intraperitoneal and Subcutaneous Tumor Models for Assessing Anti‐Neoplastic Agents in Rodents
- Unit 5.29 Electrocardiographic Toxicity in the Guinea Pig
- Unit 5.30 Social Recognition Task in the Rat
- Unit 5.31 Emetic Liability Testing in Ferrets
- Unit 5.32 Models of Neuropathic Pain in the Rat
- Unit 5.33 Electrical Amygdala Kindling
- Unit 5.34 A Rat Model of Postoperative Pain
- Unit 5.35 Models of Muscle Pain: Carrageenan Model and Acidic Saline Model
- Unit 5.36 Models of Visceral Pain: Colorectal Distension (CRD)
- Unit 5.37 Model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Five‐Trial, Repeated Acquisition Inhibitory Avoidance in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Pups
- Unit 5.38 Animal Tests of Anxiety
- Unit 5.39 Measurement and Characterization of Energy Expenditure as a Tool in the Development of Drugs for Metabolic Diseases, such as Obesity and Diabetes
- Unit 5.40 Measurement and Characterization of Energy Intake in the Mouse
- Unit 5.41 Animal Models of Erectile Dysfunction
- Unit 5.42 MPTP‐Induced Models of Parkinson's Disease in Mice and Non‐Human Primates
- Unit 5.43 Dog EEG for Wake‐Promotion Studies
- Unit 5.44 Rat Model for Evaluation of Therapeutics on Peripheral Vascular Resistance
- Unit 5.45 Orthostatic Hypotension Induced by Postural Change in the Rat (Tilt Test)
- Unit 5.46 Mouse Models of Bleomycin‐Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Unit 5.47 Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Models in Mice and Rats
- Unit 5.48 Fear‐Potentiated Startle and Light‐Enhanced Startle Models in Drug Discovery
- Unit 5.49 Rodent Model of Attention: The 5‐Choice Serial Reaction Time Task
- Unit 5.50 Cardiomyopathic Syrian Hamster as a Model of Congestive Heart Failure
- Unit 5.51 Animal Models of Collagen‐Induced Arthritis
- Unit 5.52 A Model of Cystitis Pain in the Mouse
- Unit 5.53 Models of Cardiovascular Disease: Measurement of Antihypertensive Activity in the Conscious Rat (SHR, DOCA‐Salt, and Goldblatt Hypertension Models)
- Unit 5.54 Models of Aspects of Schizophrenia: Behavioral Sensitization Induced by Subchronic Phencyclidine Administration
- Unit 5.55 Chemically Induced Mouse Models of Colitis
- Unit 5.56 Monocrotaline‐Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Wistar Rats
- Unit 5.57 Overview of Mouse Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Use in Drug Discovery
- Unit 5.58 Methods of Inducing Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice
- Unit 5.59 Novel Object Recognition in the Rat: A Facile Assay for Cognitive Function
- Unit 5.60 Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Ex Vivo Assay Design for Drug Discovery
- Unit 5.61 Overview of Animal Models of Obesity
- Unit 5.62 Assessment of Substance Abuse Liability in Rodents: Self‐Administration, Drug Discrimination, and Locomotor Sensitization
- Unit 5.63 Water Maze Testing to Identify Compounds for Cognitive Enhancement
- Unit 5.64 Cigarette Smoke Exposure as a Model of Inflammation Associated with COPD
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Chapter 6 Molecular Biology
- Introduction
- Unit 6.1 Overview of Receptor Cloning
- Unit 6.2 Receptor Reporter Systems
- Unit 6.3 Expression of Cloned Receptors in Mammalian Cell Lines
- Unit 6.4 Isotopic Assays for Reporter Gene Activity
- Unit 6.5 Nonisotopic Assays for Reporter Gene Activity
- Unit 6.6 Use of the A. Victoria Green Fluorescent Protein to Study Protein Dynamics In Vivo
- Unit 6.7 Enzymatic Amplification of DNA by PCR: Standard Procedures and Optimization
- Unit 6.8 Mobility Shift DNA‐Binding Assay Using Gel Electrophoresis
- Unit 6.9 Tissue Expression Profiling Using Real‐Time PCR
- Unit 6.10 Overview of Pharmacogenetics
- Unit 6.11 Pharmacological Applications of Baculovirus‐Mediated Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells
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Chapter 7 Pharmacokinetics
- Introduction
- Unit 7.1 Overview of Pharmacokinetics
- Unit 7.2 Estimating Intestinal Mucosal Permeation of Compounds Using Caco‐2 Cell Monolayers
- Unit 7.3 Overview of Drug Product Development
- Unit 7.4 In Vivo Measurement of Blood‐Brain Barrier Permeability
- Unit 7.5 Determination of Compound Binding to Plasma Proteins
- Unit 7.6 Determination of the Stability of Drugs in Plasma
- Unit 7.7 Uptake Studies for Evaluating Activity of Efflux Transporters in a Cell Line Representative of the Blood‐Brain Barrier
- Unit 7.8 In Vitro Drug Metabolism Using Liver Microsomes
- Unit 7.9 Hepatic Clearance and Drug Metabolism Using Isolated Perfused Rat Liver
- Unit 7.10 In Vitro Species Comparisons and Metabolite Identification
- Unit 7.11 Cytochrome P450 Inhibition Assays Using Traditional and Fluorescent Substrates
- Unit 7.12 The Ussing Chamber and Measurement of Drug Actions on Mucosal Ion Transport
- Unit 7.13 Assessment of P‐Glycoprotein Substrate and Inhibition Potential of Test Compounds in MDR1‐Transfected MDCK Cells
- Unit 7.14 Assessment of the Time‐Dependent Inhibition (TDI) Potential of Test Compounds with Human Liver Microsomes by IC50 Shift Method Using a Nondilution Approach
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Chapter 8 Receptor/Enzyme Localization
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Chapter 9 Drug Discovery Technologies
- Introduction
- Unit 9.1 Overview of Chemical Diversity
- Unit 9.2 Cell‐Based Assays Using the Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR)
- Unit 9.3 Overview of Combinatorial Chemistry
- Unit 9.4 Overview of High‐Throughput Screening
- Unit 9.5 Testing for Inverse Agonism with Constitutive Receptor Systems
- Unit 9.6 Overview of Microarrays in Drug Discovery and Development
- Unit 9.7 Overview on the Use of Therapeutic Antibodies in Drug Discovery
- Unit 9.8 Approaches to the Molecular Modeling of 7‐Transmembrane Helical Receptors
- Unit 9.9 Overview of Drug Discovery and Development
- Unit 9.10 The IND Application
- Unit 9.11 Natural Products as a Foundation for Drug Discovery
- Unit 9.12 Overview on the Rule of Five
- Unit 9.13 Label‐Free Imaging and Temporal Signature in Phenotypic Cellular Assays: A New Approach to High‐Content Screening
- Unit 9.14 Measuring Receptor Target Coverage: A Radioligand Competition Binding Protocol for Assessing the Association and Dissociation Rates of Unlabeled Compounds
- Unit 9.15 High Throughput Functional Assays for P2X Receptors
- Unit 9.16 Parallel Chemistry in the 21st Century
- Unit 9.17 Overview of Determination of Biopharmaceutical Properties for Development Candidate Selection
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Chapter 10 Safety Pharmacology/Toxicology
- Introduction
- Unit 10.1 Overview of Safety Pharmacology
- Unit 10.2 Models of Inflammation: Measuring Gastrointestinal Ulceration in the Rat
- Unit 10.3 Toxicology in the Drug Discovery and Development Process
- Unit 10.4 Place Preference Test in Rodents
- Unit 10.5 Models of Neurological Disease (Substance Abuse): Self‐Administration in Monkeys
- Unit 10.6 Vigilance‐Controlled Quantified EEG in Safety Pharmacology
- Unit 10.7 An Overview of QT Interval Assessment in Safety Pharmacology
- Unit 10.8 Patch‐Clamp Studies of Human Cardiac Ion Channels in the Evaluation of Cardiac Electrophysiological Effects of Compounds
- Unit 10.9 Respiratory Function Assessment in Safety Pharmacology
- Unit 10.10 Primary Observation (Irwin) Test in Rodents for Assessing Acute Toxicity of a Test Agent and its Effects on Behavior and Physiological Function
- Unit 10.11 Head‐Out Plethysmography in Safety Pharmacology Assessment
- Unit 10.12 Evaluation of Neurotoxicity Potential in Rats: The Functional Observational Battery
- Unit 10.13 The Fentanyl/Etomidate‐Anesthetized Beagle (FEAB) Model in Safety Pharmacology Assessment
- Unit 10.14 Measurement of Action Potential Generation in Isolated Canine Left Ventricular Midmyocardial Myocytes
- Unit 10.15 Whole‐Cell Configuration of the Patch‐Clamp Technique in the hERG Channel Assay to Predict the Ability of a Compound to Prolong QT Interval
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Chapter 11 Electrophysiological Techniques
- Unit 11.1 Overview of Electrophysiology
- Unit 11.2 Electrophysiological Analysis of G Protein–Coupled Receptors in Mammalian Neurons
- Unit 11.3 The Action Potential of the Purkinje Fiber: An In Vitro Model for Evaluation of the Proarrhythmic Potential of Cardiac and Noncardiac Drugs
- Unit 11.4 Use of Electrophysiological Methods in the Study of Recombinant and Native Neuronal Ligand‐Gated Ion Channels
- Unit 11.5 Electrophysiological Analysis of Heterologously Expressed Kv and SK/IK Potassium Channels
- Unit 11.6 Electrophysiological Analysis of ATP‐Sensitive Potassium Channels in Mammalian Cells and Xenopus Oocytes
- Unit 11.7 Overview of Electrophysiological Characterization of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
- Unit 11.8 Electrophysiological Analysis of Tetrodotoxin‐Resistant Sodium Channel Pharmacology
- Unit 11.9 Electrophysiological Characterization of Recombinant and Native P2X Receptors
- Unit 11.10 Electrophysiology of Airway Nerves
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Chapter 12 In Vitro Cellular Assays
- Introduction
- Unit 12.1 Overview of Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques
- Unit 12.2 Chondrocyte Culture and Assay
- Unit 12.3 Preparation of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extracts from Mammalian Cells
- Unit 12.4 Cellular Assays of Chemokine Receptor Activation
- Unit 12.5 Production and Use of HIV‐1 Luciferase Reporter Viruses
- Unit 12.6 Methods of Measuring Internalization of G Protein–Coupled Receptors
- Unit 12.7 Measurement of VLA‐4/CS‐1 and VLA‐4/VCAM Adhesion Inhibition
- Unit 12.8 Measurement of Cell Death in Mammalian Cells
- Unit 12.9 Functional Screening in the Melanophore Bioassay
- Unit 12.10 Detection of Nitros(yl)ated Metabolites of Nitric Oxide (NO) In Vivo by Gas‐Phase Chemiluminescence Assay
- Unit 12.11 Drug Testing in Cellular Chemotaxis Assays
- Unit 12.12 In Vitro Assay of Angiogenesis: Inhibition of Capillary Tube Formation
- Unit 12.13 In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Assays for M2 and M3 Muscarinic Receptors
- Unit 12.14 Measurement of Glucose Uptake in Cultured Cells
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Chapter 13 Anti‐Infectives
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Section A Antibacterials
- Unit 13A.1 Overview of Anti‐Infective Drug Development
- Unit 13A.2 Overview of Antibacterial Target Selection
- Unit 13A.3 Basic Microbiological Techniques Used in Antibacterial Drug Discovery
- Unit 13A.4 Primary Rodent Infection Models for Testing Antibacterial Compound Efficacy In Vivo
- Unit 13A.5 In Vivo Animal Models: Quantitative Models Used for Identifying Antibacterial Agents
- Unit 13A.6 In Vitro Antibacterial Resistance Selection and Quantitation
- Unit 13A.7 Macromolecular Synthesis and Membrane Perturbation Assays for Mechanisms of Action Studies of Antimicrobial Agents
- Unit 13A.8 Static Biofilm Cultures of Gram‐Positive Pathogens Grown in a Microtiter Format Used for Anti‐Biofilm Drug Discovery
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Section B Antivirals
- Unit 13B.1 Evaluation of Compound Activity Against Hepatitis C Virus in Replicon Systems
- Unit 13B.2 Studies on Hepatitis C Virus Resistance to Inhibitors in Replicon Systems
- Unit 13B.3 High‐Throughput Screening of Viral Entry Inhibitors Using Pseudotyped Virus
- Unit 13B.4 Generation and Quantitation of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Derived from Cell Culture (HCVcc)
- Unit 13B.5 In Vitro Anti‐Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Resistance Selection and Characterization
- Unit 13B.6 Preparation of HCV NS3 and NS5B Proteins to Support Small‐Molecule Drug Discovery
- Unit 13B.7 Biochemical Evaluation of HCV NS3 Protease Inhibitors
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Chapter 14 Cellular and Animal Models in Oncology and Tumor Biology
- Introduction
- Unit 14.1 Murine and Canine Models of Appendicular Osteosarcoma
- Unit 14.2 Carcinogen‐Induced Animal Models of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Unit 14.3 Orthotopic Model of Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Cancer Cachexia in Nude Mice
- Unit 14.4 Orthotopic Models of Human Gastric Carcinoma in Nude Mice: Applications for Study of Tumor Growth and Progression
- Unit 14.5 Metastatic Model of Colon Carcinoma in Mice: Utility in the Study of Tumor Growth and Progression
- Unit 14.6 Models of Melanoma Metastasis: Using a Transient siRNA‐Based Protein Inhibition Strategy in Mice to Validate the Functional Relevance of Pharmacological Agents
- Unit 14.7 Application of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Protocols to Pre‐Clinical Tumor Models
- Unit 14.8 Preclinical Chemotherapeutic Tumor Models of Common Childhood Cancers: Solid Tumors, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, and Disseminated Neuroblastoma
- Unit 14.9 Animal Models of Multiple Myeloma and Their Utility in Drug Discovery
- Unit 14.10 Murine Retroviral Bone Marrow Transplantation Models for the Study of Human Myeloproliferative Disorders
- Unit 14.11 Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Ovarian Cancer and Their Utility in Drug Discovery
- Unit 14.12 Xenograft and Transgenic Mouse Models of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Non‐Invasive Imaging Modalities to Monitor Ovarian Tumor Growth In Situ: Applications in Evaluating Novel Therapeutic Agents
- Unit 14.13 Pre‐Clinical Models of Renal Carcinoma and Their Utility in Drug Development
- Unit 14.14 Mouse Models of Human Bladder Cancer as a Tool for Drug Discovery
- Unit 14.15 Preclinical Mouse Models of Human Prostate Cancer and Their Utility in Drug Discovery
- Unit 14.16 Establishment, Maintenance, and In Vitro and In Vivo Applications of Primary Human Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Xenograft Models for Translational Biology Studies and Drug Discovery
- Unit 14.17 Preclinical Models of Pediatric Solid Tumors (Neuroblastoma) and Their Use in Drug Discovery
- Unit 14.18 Preclinical Orthotopic and Intracardiac Injection Models of Human Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone and Their Use in Drug Discovery
- Unit 14.19 Orthotopic Xenograft Model of Cervical Cancer for Studying Microenvironmental Effects on Metastasis Formation and Response to Drug Treatment
- Unit 14.20 Orthotopic Models of Esophageal Carcinoma and Their Use in Drug Discovery
- Unit 14.21 Pre‐Clinical Mouse Models of Primary and Metastatic Pleural Cancers of the Lung and Breast and the Use of Bioluminescent Imaging to Monitor Pleural Tumor Burden
- Unit 14.22 Overview of Human Primary Tumorgraft Models: Comparisons with Traditional Oncology Preclinical Models and the Clinical Relevance and Utility of Primary Tumorgrafts in Basic and Translational Oncology Research
- Unit 14.23 Patient‐Derived Models of Human Breast Cancer: Protocols for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications in Tumor Biology and Translational Medicine
- Unit 14.24 Discovery of Biologically Active Oncologic and Immunologic Small Molecule Therapies using Zebrafish: Overview and Example of Modulation of T Cell Activation
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Appendix 1 Nomenclature and Useful Data
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Appendix 2 Stock Solutions, Equipment, and Laboratory Guidelines
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Appendix 3 Standard Techniques
- Appendix 3A Assays for Determination of Protein Concentration
- Appendix 3B Protein Analysis by SDS‐PAGE and Detection by Coomassie Blue or Silver Staining
- Appendix 3C Purification and Concentration of DNA from Aqueous Solutions
- Appendix 3D Fixation, Embedding, and Sectioning of Tissues, Embryos, and Single Cells
- Appendix 3E Cryosectioning
- Appendix 3F In Situ Hybridization to Cellular RNA
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Appendix 4 Animal Care Guidelines
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