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General Laboratory Safety and Working with Hazardous Chemicals

George Lunn¹, Warren Strober²

¹Baltimore, Maryland
²National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland

Publication Name:

Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques

Unit Number:

Appendix 1A

DOI:

10.1002/9780470089941.eta01as00

Online Posting Date:

October, 2008

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Abstract

Persons carrying out the protocols in this manual may encounter the following hazardous or potentially hazardous materials: (1) radioactive substances; (2) toxic chemicals and carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic reagents; and (3) pathogenic and infectious biological agents. Most governments regulate the use of these materials; it is essential that they be used in strict accordance with local and national regulations. Cautionary notes are included in many instances throughout the manual, and some specific guidelines are also provided in this appendix. However, users must proceed with the prudence and precautions associated with good laboratory practice, under the supervision of personnel responsible for implementing laboratory safety programs at their institutions and in compliance with designated guidelines of federal, state, and local officials.

Keywords: safety; hazardous chemicals; radioisotopes; biologic agents

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Unit Introduction
Hazardous Chemicals
Biohazards and Infectious Biological Agents
Acknowledgements
Literature Cited
Tables

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Literature Cited

Literature Cited
	Bretherick, L. 1990. Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 4th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, London.
	Bretherick, L. and Urben, P.G. 1999. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 6th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, London. [also available on CD-ROM]
	Forsberg, K. and Keith, L.H. 1999. Chemical Protective Clothing Performance Index, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
	Forsberg, K. and Mansdorf, S.Z. 2003. Quick selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J.
	Furr, A.K. 2000. CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 5th ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
	Lewis, R.J., Sr. 2004. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 11th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J.
	Lunn, G. and Sansone, E.B. 1994. Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
	O'Neil, M.J. 2006. The Merck Index, 14th ed. Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, N.J.
	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). 1999. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), 4th ed. (J.Y. Richmond and R.W. McKenney, eds.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (GPO S/N 017-040-00547-4).
Key References
General Safety
	Furr, 2000. See above.
	Picot, A. and Grenouillet, P. 1994. Safety in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
	Stricoff, R.S. and Walters, D.B. 1995. Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Chemical Safety
	Sigma-Aldrich Co. 2005. Aldrich Handbook 2005-2006. Sigma-Aldrich Co., Saint Louis, Mo. (also available at http://www.sigma-aldrich.com)
	Alaimo, R.J. 2001. Handbook of Chemical Health and Safety. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
	American Chemical Society, Committee on Chemical Safety. 1995. Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, 6th ed. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
	Bretherick, 1990. See above.
	Bretherick and Urben, 1999. See above.
	Dawson, M.C., Elliott, D.C., Elliott, W.H., and Jones, K.M. 1986. Data for Biochemical Research. Alden Press, London.
	Forsberg and Keith, 1999. See above.
	Forsberg and Mansdorf, 2003. See above.
	Lewis, 2004. See above.
	Lunn and Sansone, 1994. See above.
	Lunn, G. and Lawler, G. 2005. Safe use of hazardous chemicals. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 0:1A.3.1-1A.3.36.
	National Research Council. 1995. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
	O'Neil, 2006. See above.
	Young, J.A. 1991. Improving Safety in the Chemical Laboratory: A Practical Guide, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Biological Safety
	Coico, R. and Lunn, G. 2005. Biosafety: Guidelines for working with pathogenic and infectious microorganisms. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 0:1A.1.1-1A.1.8.
	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). 1999. See above.
Internet Resources
	http://www.ilpi.com/msds/index.html
Where to find MSDSs on the internet. Contains links to general sites, government and nonprofit sites, chemical manufacturers and suppliers, pesticides, and miscellaneous sites.
	http://www.OSHA.gov
The OSHA Web site. Standards can be accessed by clicking on the link in the right sidebar labeled Standards.
	http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10106
Text of OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1450: Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories.
	http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9992
Table Z-1 of OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.10000, which provides a list of permissible exposure limits (PELs) for air contaminants.
	http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9993
Table Z-2 of OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1000, which provides a list of PELs for toxic and hazardous substances.
	http://hazard.com/msds/index.php
Main site for Vermont SIRI. One of the best general sites to start a search. Browse manufacturers alphabetically (for sheets not in the SIRI collection) or do a keyword search in the SIRI MSDS database. Lots of additional safety links and information.
	http://siri.uvm.edu/msds
Alternate site for Vermont SIRI.
	http://www.eh.doe.gov/docs/osh_tr/ch5c.html
DOE OSH technical reference chapter on personal protective equipment.
	http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl4/bmbl4toc.htm
Online version of the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), 4th Ed.
	http://www4.od.nih.gov/oba/
Homepage for the Office of Biotechnologies, NIH.