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Hepatic MRI for GE Scanners
Publication Name:
Current Protocols in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Unit Number:
Unit A15.2
DOI:
10.1002/0471142719.mia1502s04
Online Posting Date:
May, 2002 Abstract
MRI techniques continue to evolve rapidly, but the basic components of a liver examination, and the clinical role of each component, have changed little. The three most important considerations for choosing techniques for imaging the liver continue to be contrast, motion artifact, and coverage. This unit presents a
Materials
Basic Protocol: Liver Imaging
Materials
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Normal saline (0.9% NaCl), sterile, 100 ml minimum
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Extravascular contrast agent (e.g., Magnevist, Omniscan, or Prohance), 20 ml for most patients
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22-G angiocatheter
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110-in. extension tubing
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Figures
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Figure A15.2.1T2 -weighted coronal single shot FSE sequence used as a localizer, with an effective TE of 100 msec. Arrow indicates a small cavernous hemangioma. -
Figure A15.2.2Heavily T2 -weighted transverse single shot FSE image, with effective TE = 180 msec. Arrow indicates the small cavernous hemangioma, with signal intensity intermediate between that of spleen and cerebrospinal fluid. -
Figure A15.2.3Spoiled gradient echo images: out-of-phase, with TE = 2.3 msec (A) and in-phase, with TE = 4.6 msec (B). -
Figure A15.2.4Selected images from sagittal timing bolus sequence, without (A) and during (B) aortic enhancement (arrows) from the 2-ml bolus of gadolinium chelate. -
Figure A15.2.53-D fat-suppressed short TR gradient echo images with TR /TE = 4 msec/1.3 msec, and flip angle = 12°, before (A), immediately after (B), and 45 sec after (C) gadolinium chelate injection. Through Fourier interpolation, images are reconstructed every 2.5 mm. Arrows indicate the cavernous hemangioma, which does not show enhancement in A. -
Figure A15.2.6Moderately T2 -weighted FSE breath-hold image, with TR = 2850 msec, effective TE = 82 msec. Arrow indicates hemangioma. -
Figure A15.2.7Two-min post-gadolinium fat-suppressed short TR gradient echo transverse image (extracellular-phase) demonstrates delayed contrast enhancement, including the cavernous hemangioma (arrow).
Literature Cited
| Literature Cited | |
| Earls, J.P., Rofsky, N.M., Lee, V.S., DeCorato, D.R., Krinsky, G.A., and Weinreb, J.C. 1997. Hepatic arterial-phase dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging: Optimization with a test examination and a power injector. Radiology 202:268-273. | |
| Ito, K., Mitchell, D.G., Outwater, E.K., Szklaruk, J., and Sadek, A.G. 1997. Hepatic lesions: Discrimination of nonsolid, benign lesions from solid, malignant lesions with heavily T | |
| Jeong, Y.Y., Mitchell, D.G., and Holland, G. 2001. Liver lesion conspicuity on T | |
| Marks, B., Mitchell, D.G., and Simelaro, J.P. 1997. Breath-holding in healthy and pulmonary-compromised populations: Effects of hyperventilation and oxygen inspiration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 7:595-597. | |
| Shellock, F.G. and Kanal, E. 1996. Magnetic Resonance Bioeffects, Safety, and Patient Management. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. | |
| Key References | |
| Shellock and Kanal, 1996. See | |
| Covers a number of important patient management issues related to MR imaging, including recommended safety procedures, a list of metallic implants that have been tested for MR compatibility, and a list of other sources on MR safety. | |
| Internet Resources | |
| http://www.mri.tju.edu | |
| A noncommercial site that lists all body MRI protocols, continually updated, updated GE Signa scanners by the Thomas Jefferson University Department of Radiology. Additionally, there are descriptions and explanations of the various pulse sequences, tips for problems solving, and examples of clinical applications. | |
| http://www.mrisafety.com | |
| Managed by Frank Shellock, contains updated items regarding MRI safety and compatibility. | |
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