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MRI of the Kidney

Richard Semelka¹, Laurie Fisher², Kathy Wilber¹

¹University of Carolina‐Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
²Siemens Uptime Service Center, Cary, North Carolina

Publication Name:

Current Protocols in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Unit Number:

Unit A16.1

DOI:

10.1002/0471142719.mia1601s00

Online Posting Date:

May, 2001

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Abstract

MRI provides comprehensive information on the full range of kidney diseases, including benign and malignant processes and diffuse renal parenchymal disease. This unit presents a set protocols incorporating various types of sequences including transverse, coronal and sagittal data acquisition, and the routine use of intravenous gadolinium.

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Unit Introduction
Basic Protocol: Imaging the Kidney
Commentary
Bibliography
Figures
Tables

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Materials

Basic Protocol: Imaging the Kidney

Materials

Normal saline (0.9% NaCl), sterile, 40 ml minimum
Extravascular contrast agent (e.g., Magnevist, Omniscan, or Prohance), volume prescribed by patient weight

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Figures

Figure A16.1.1

Unenhanced transverse half-acquisition turbo spin echo image.

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Figure A16.1.2

Unenhanced fat-suppressed transverse spoiled gradient echo image.

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Figure A16.1.3

Unenhanced transverse spoiled gradient echo image.

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Figure A16.1.4

Immediate post-gadolinium transverse spoiled gradient echo image.

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Figure A16.1.5

Contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed spoiled gradient echo transverse image.

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Literature Cited

Literature Cited
	Balci, N.C., Semelka, R.C., Patt, R.H., Dubois, D., Freeman, J.A., Gomez-Caminero, A., and Woosley, J.T. 1999. Complex renal cysts: Findings on MR images. Am. J. Roentgenol. 172:1495-1500.
	Hricak, H., Thoeni, R.F., Carroll, P.R., Demas, B.E., Marotti, M., and Tanagho, E.A. 1988. Detection and staging of renal neoplasms: A reassessment of MR imaging. Radiology. 166:643-649.
	Huch Boni, R.A., Debatin, J.F., and Krestin, G.P. 1996. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the kidneys and adrenal glands. Magn. Reson. Imaging Clinics of North America. 4(1):101-131.
	John, G., Semelka, R.C., Burdeny, D.A., Kelekis, N.L., Woosley, J.T., Kettritz, U., and Freeman, J.A. 1997. Renal cell cancer: Incidence of hemorrhage on MR images in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 7:157-60.
	Rofsky, N.M., Weinreb, J.C., Bosniak, M.A., Libes, R.B., and Birnbaum, B.A. 1991. Renal lesion characterization with Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging: Efficacy and safety in patients with renal insufficiency. Radiology. 180:85-89.
	Semelka, R.C., Hricak, H., Stevens, S.K., Fingold, R., Tomei, E., and Carroll, P.R. 1991. Combined gadolinium-enhanced and fat saturation MR imaging of renal masses. Radiology. 178:803-809.
	Semelka, R.C., Shoenut, J.P., Kroeker, M.A., MacMahon, R.G., and Greenberg, H.M. 1992. Renal lesions: controlled comparison between CT and 1.5T MR imaging with nonenhanced and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed spin-echo and breath-hold FLASH techniques. Radiology. 182:425-430.
	Semelka, R.C., Shoenut, J.P., Magro, C.M., Kroeker, M.A., MacMahon, R., and Greenberg, H.M. 1993. Renal cancer staging: Comparison of contrast-enhanced CT and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed spin-echo and gradient-echo MR imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 3:597-602.
	Shellock, F.G. 1996. Pocket Guide to MR Procedures and Metallic Objects. Lippincott-Raven , Philadelphia.
Key References
	Shellock, F.G. 1996.
Covers a number of important patient management issues related to MR imaging, including recommended safety procedures, a list of metallic implants that have been tested for MR compatibility, and a list of other sources on MR safety.