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Pelvic Floor Relaxation

Julia R. Fielding¹

¹University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Publication Name:

Current Protocols in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Unit Number:

Unit A20.3

DOI:

10.1002/0471142719.mia2003s08

Online Posting Date:

May, 2003

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Abstract

This chapter has no abstract.

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Unit Introduction
Basic Protocol: Imaging the Pelvic Floor
Commentary
Bibliography
Figures
Tables

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Figures

Figure A20.3.1

Sagittal MR images of a 55-year-old woman with stress incontinence and incomplete bladder emptying. Sagittal T₂-weighted image at rest (A) shows pelvic organs and floor to have normal appearance. On strain (B), there is development of a cystocele and rotation of the urethra into the horizontal plane (arrow) indicating damage to the internal sphincter. Reproduced from Fielding (2002) with permission from Radiographics.

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Literature Cited

Literature Cited
	Bertschinger, K.M., Hetzer, F.H., Roos, J.E., Treiber, K., Marincek, B., and Hilfiker, P.R. 2002. Dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor performed with patient sitting in an open-magnet unit versus with patient supine in a closed-magnet unit. Radiology 223:501-508.
	Comiter, C.V., Vasavada, S.P., Barbaric, Z.L., Gousse, A.E., and Raz, S. 1999. Grading pelvic prolapse and pelvic floor relaxation using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Urology 3:454-457.
	Fielding, J.R. 2002. Practical MR imaging of female pelvic floor weakness. Radiographics 22:295-304.
	Fielding, J.R., Griffiths, D.J., Versi, E., Mulkern, R.V., Lee, M.L., and Jolesz, F.A. 1998. MR imaging of pelvic floor continence mechanisms in the supine and sitting positions. A.J.R. 171:1607-1610.
	Fielding, J.R., Lee, J.H., Dubeau, C.E., Zou, K.H., and Resnick, N.M. 2000. Voiding cystourethrography findings in elderly women with urge incontinence. J. Urol. 163:1216-1218.
	Gold, D.G., Halligan, S., Kmiot, W., and Bartram, C.I. 1999. Anal endosonography: Inter- and intra-observer agreement. Br. J. Surg. 86:371-375.
	Hoyte, L., Schierlitz, L., Zou, K., Flesh, G., and Fielding, J.R. 2001. Two- and 3-dimensional MRI comparison of levator ani structure, volume, and integrity in women with stress incontinence and prolapse. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 185:11-19.
	Kelvin, F.M., Maglinte, D.D., Hornback, J.A., and Benson, J.T. 1998. Pelvic prolapse: Assessment with evacuation proctography (defecography). Radiology 184:547-551.
	Klutke, C., Golomb, J., Barbaric, Z., and Raz, S. 1990. The anatomy of stress incontinence: Magnetic resonance imaging of the female bladder neck and urethra. J. Urol. 143:563-566.
	Ozasa, H., Mori, T., and Togashi, K. 1992. Study of uterine prolapse by magnetic resonance imaging: Topographical changes involving the levator ani muscle and the vagina. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 24:43-48.
	Shellock, F.G. 2001. Pocket Guide to MR Procedures and Metallic Objects. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia.
	Unterweger, M., Marincek, B., Gottstein-Aalame, N., Debatin, J.F., Seifert, B., Ochsenbein-Imhof, N., Perucchini, D., Kubik-Huch, R.A. 2001. Ultrafast MR imaging of the pelvic floor. A.J.R. 176:959-963.
	Yang, A., Mostwin, J.L., Rosenshein, N.B., and Zerhouni, E.A. 1991. Pelvic floor descent in women: Dynamic evaluation with fast MR imaging and cinematic display. Radiology 179:25-33.
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